TU/e Master · M1.2 project

Flexible bio-electronics

“Could tea-grown materials help us with future electronics?”

A hand holds up a round, translucent green-blue kombucha cellulose sheet with a black cicada painted in graphite ink.
Year
2026
Role
Individual, designer & researcher
Keywords
Flexible bio-electronics, Biodesign, Kombucha
Scenario

Mass production and rapid replacement of electronic devices are making e-waste a growing global problem. Many products combine metals, plastics and adhesives in complex structures that are hard to disassemble and recycle. Replacing plastic with a natural material does not make an entire electronic product biodegradable.

Concept

What if electronic products were designed around growth, change and decay from the beginning?

A wet, amber stack of kombucha SCOBY layers on parchment.
Journal
  • Note 01 Over four months, more than twenty kombucha cultures were grown in a home kitchen. Each grows a SCOBY, the cellulose layer a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast forms on sweet tea.
  • Note 02 Sugar, temperature and time shaped the colour, thickness and texture of the material; fruit pigments inspired colour experiments.
  • Note 03 The moist, sticky films were layered and wrapped around electronic components.
Material samples
A round dried sheet clouded grey, violet and pink, with a pencilled label underneath.
Dried, dyed cellulose with oxidation
A wet, glossy disc of film, bright green at the rim and dark green in the middle.
Fresh cellulose film in a jade colour
A wet, magenta disc of film with small pale spots.
Fresh film coloured with natural blueberry
A small red film folded into a pointed shape, held up with tweezers.
Cellulose film folded into an insect
A pale, scorched-looking dried sheet with the letters SK painted in thick black ink.
Conductive ink painted on a dried sample
A dark wine-red dried disc with round imprints, taped down at both sides.
Dried sample with blueberry colour and imprints
Sample book
The cover of a handmade booklet with a cellulose sheet and handwritten red lettering.
Kombucha sample booklet
A bright red-orange dried sheet mounted in a white card frame.
Dried sample dyed with food colouring
An amber sheet with rows of black painted shapes, mounted in a white card frame.
Laminated conductive film
A clear plastic NFC tag beside an amber cellulose sheet with a tag inside, labelled Scoby Tag.
Laminated NFC tag, compared with a plastic NFC tag
An open booklet with a brown speckled disc on the left page and a disc with a green centre on the right.
Laminated layers with an LED and an NFC tag
A booklet page with a dark tea leaf set into a translucent tan film.
Tea leaves and cellulose film
A booklet page with a round teal sheet held down by tape.
Dyed with blue food colouring
A booklet page with a large tan sheet and a small red board with coloured wires on it.
Laminated with a touch sensor
A booklet page with a thin, almost clear sheet and a slim component with red and black wires.
LED component laminated between thin layers
Close-up of dried, dyed cellulose with brushed graphite ink.
A thin blue cellulose sheet rolled into a cone, held with tweezers.
The back of the hanging cicada piece with a piezo disc and chip stitched on.
Demo
“A responsible beginning includes a plan for the ending.”
How it works

The body is a colourful, leather-like sheet grown during kombucha fermentation, shaped as a cicada. Its conductive paths are painted by hand with graphite ink, the same carbon found in pencils. As the sheet dries, its conductivity changes, and a simple circuit turns that change into shifts in sound.

End of life

Like a cicada, which develops for years and sings for a short time, the material is heard only after a long cultivation. The complete object is not biodegradable. Its electronic components can be removed, reused or recycled, and the biological body is handled separately.

Next

Controlled tests of how humidity, drying and film thickness affect conductivity, and longer observation of how the film ages and breaks down after use.

The Kombuchán table at Demo Day: a jar of kombucha, the cicada piece, posters and rows of small samples, with visitors around it.
Demo Day 2026 · Photo: Jasper Scheffer